The Indian National Congress (Hindi: भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस) (abbreviated INC, and commonly known as the Congress) is one of the two major political parties in India, the other being the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). It is the largest and one of the oldest democratic political parties in the world.The party's modern liberal platform is largely considered center-left in the Indian political spectrum.
Founded in 1885 by members of the occultist movementTheosophical Society—Allan Octavian Hume, Dadabhai Naoroji, Dinshaw Wacha, Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee, Surendranath Banerjee, Monomohun Ghose, Mahadev Govind Ranadeand William Wedderburn—the Indian National Congress became the leader of the Indian Independence Movement, with over 15 million members and over 70 million participants in its struggle against British rule in India. After independence in 1947, it became the nation's dominant political party, led by the Nehru-Gandhi family for the most part; major challenges for party leadership have only recently formed.
In the 2009 general elections, the Congress emerged as the single largest party in the Lok Sabha, with 205 of its candidates getting elected to the 543-member house. Consequently it, along with a coalition of allies called the United Progressive Alliance (UPA), was able to gain a majority and form the government.
List of presidents of the party
| Name of President | Life Span | Year of Presidency | Place of Conference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee | 29 December 1844- 1906 | 1885 | Bombay |
| Dadabhai Naoroji | 4 September 1825- 1917 | 1886 | Calcutta |
| Badruddin Tyabji | 10 October 1844- 1906 | 1887 | Madras |
| George Yule | 1829–1892 | 1888 | Allahabad |
| Sir William Wedderburn | 1838–1918 | 1889 | Bombay |
| Sir Pherozeshah Mehta | 4 August 1845- 1915 | 1890 | Calcutta |
| P. Anandacharlu | August 1843- 1908 | 1891 | Nagpur |
| Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee | 29 December 1844- 1906 | 1892 | Allahabad |
| Dadabhai Naoroji | 4 September 1825- 1917 | 1893 | Lahore |
| Alfred Webb | 1834–1908 | 1894 | Madras |
| Surendranath Banerjea | 10 November 1848- 1925 | 1895 | Pune |
| Rahimtulla M. Sayani | 5 April 1847- 1902 | 1896 | Calcutta |
| Sir C. Sankaran Nair | 11 July 1857- 1934 | 1897 | Amraoti |
| Ananda Mohan Bose | 23 September 1847- 1906 | 1898 | Madras |
| Romesh Chunder Dutt | 13 August 1848- 1909 | 1899 | Lucknow |
| Sir Narayan Ganesh Chandavarkar | 2 December 1855- 1923 | 1900 | Lahore |
| Sir Dinshaw Edulji Wacha | 2 August 1844- 1936 | 1901 | Calcutta |
| Surendranath Banerjea | 10 November 1825- 1917 | 1902 | Ahmedabad |
| Lalmohan Ghosh | 1848–1909 | 1903 | Madras |
| Sir Henry Cotton | 1845–1915 | 1904 | Bombay |
| Gopal Krishna Gokhale | 9 May 1866- 1915 | 1905 | Benares |
| Dadabhai Naoroji | 4 September 1825- 1917 | 1906 | Calcutta |
| Rashbihari Ghosh | 23 December 1845- 1921 | 1907 | Surat |
| Rashbihari Ghosh | 23 December 1845- 1921 | 1908 | Madras |
| Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya | 25 December 1861- 1946 | 1909 | Lahore |
| Sir William Wedderburn | 1838–1918 | 1910 | Allahabad |
| Pandit Bishan Narayan Dar | 1864–1916 | 1911 | Calcutta |
| Rao Bahadur Raghunath Narasinha Mudholkar | 1857–1921 | 1912 | Bankipur |
| Nawab Syed Muhammad Bahadur | ?- 1919 | 1913 | Karachi |
| Bhupendra Nath Bose | 1859–1924 | 1914 | Madras |
| Lord Satyendra Prasanna Sinha | March 1863- 1928 | 1915 | Bombay |
| Ambica Charan Mazumdar | 1850–1922 | 1916 | Lucknow |
| Annie Besant | 1 October 1847- 1933 | 1917 | Calcutta |
| Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya | 25 December 1861- 1946 | 1918 | Delhi |
| Syed Hasan Imam | 31 August 1871- 1933 | 1918 | Bombay (Special Session) |
| Pandit Motilal Nehru | 6 May 1861- 6 February 1931 | 1919 | Amritsar |
| Lala Lajpat Rai | 28 January 1865- 17 November 1928 | 1920 | Calcutta (Special Session) |
| C. Vijayaraghavachariar | 1852- 19 April 1944 | 1920 | Nagpur |
| Hakim Ajmal Khan | 1863- 29 December 1927 | 1921 | Ahmedabad |
| Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das | 5 November 1870- 16 June 1925 | 1922 | Gaya |
| Maulana Mohammad Ali | 10 December 1878- 4 January 1931 | 1923 | Kakinada |
| Maulana Abul Kalam Azad | 1888- 22 February 1958 | 1923 | Delhi (Special Session) |
| Mahatma Gandhi | 2 October 1869- 30 January 1948 | 1924 | Belgaum |
| Sarojini Naidu | 13 February 1879- 2 March 1949 | 1925 | Kanpur |
| S. Srinivasa Iyengar | September 11, 1874- 19 May 1941 | 1926 | Gauhati |
| Dr. M A Ansari | 25 December 1880- 10 May 1936 | 1927 | Madras |
| Pandit Motilal Nehru | 6 May 1861- 6 February 1931 | 1928 | Calcutta |
| Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru | 14 November 1889- 27 May 1964 | 1929 & 30 | Lahore |
| Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel | 31 October 1875- 15 December 1950 | 1931 | Karachi |
| Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya | 25 December 1861- 1946 | 1932 | Delhi |
| Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya | 25 December 1861- 1946 | 1933 | Calcutta |
| Nellie Sengupta | 1886–1973 | 1933 | Calcutta |
| Dr. Rajendra Prasad | 3 December 1884- 28 February 1963 | 1934 & 35 | Bombay |
| Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru | 14 November 1889- 27 May 1964 | 1936 | Lucknow |
| Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru | 14 November 1889- 27 May 1964 | 1936& 37 | Faizpur |
| Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose | 23 January 1897- 18 August 1945? | 1938 | Haripura |
| Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose | 23 January 1897- 18 August 1945? | 1939 | Jabalpur |
| Maulana Abul Kalam Azad | 1888- 22 February 1958 | 1940-46 | Ramgarh |
| Acharya J.B. Kripalani | 1888- 19 March 1982 | 1947 | Delhi |
| Dr Pattabhi Sitaraimayya | 24 December 1880- 17 December 1959 | 1948 & 49 | Jaipur |
| Purushottam Das Tandon | 1 August 1882- 1 July 1961 | 1950 | Nasik |
| Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru | 14 November 1889- 27 May 1964 | 1951 & 52 | Delhi |
| Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru | 14 November 1889- 27 May 1964 | 1953 | Hyderabad |
| Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru | 14 November 1889- 27 May 1964 | 1954 | Kalyani |
| U N Dhebar | 21 September 1905- 1977 | 1955 | Avadi |
| U N Dhebar | 21 September 1905- 1977 | 1956 | Amritsar |
| U N Dhebar | 21 September 1905- 1977 | 1957 | Indore |
| U N Dhebar | 21 September 1905- 1977 | 1958 | Gauhati |
| U N Dhebar | 21 September 1905- 1977 | 1959 | Nagpur |
| Indira Gandhi | 19 November 1917- 31 October 1984 | 1959 | Delhi |
| Neelam Sanjiva Reddy | 19 May 1913- 1 June 1996 | 1960 | Bangalore |
| Neelam Sanjiva Reddy | 19 May 1913- 1 June 1996 | 1961 | Bhavnagar |
| Neelam Sanjiva Reddy | 19 May 1913- 1 June 1996 | 1962 & 63 | Patna |
| K. Kamaraj | 15 July 1903- 2 October 1975 | 1964 | Bhubaneswar |
| K. Kamaraj | 15 July 1903- 2 October 1975 | 1965 | Durgapur |
| K. Kamaraj | 15 July 1903- 2 October 1975 | 1966 & 67 | Jaipur |
| S. Nijalingappa | 10 December 1902- 9 August 2000 | 1968 | Hyderabad |
| S. Nijalingappa | 10 December 1902- 9 August 2000 | 1969 | Faridabad |
| Jagjivan Ram | 5 April 1908- 6 July 1986 | 1970 & 71 | Bombay |
| Dr Shankar Dayal Sharma | 19 August 1918- 26 December 1999 | 1972- 74 | Calcutta |
| Dev Kant Baruah | 22 February 1914- 1996 | 1975- 77 | Chandigarh |
| Indira Gandhi | 19 November 1917- 31 October 1984 | 1978- 83 | Delhi |
| Indira Gandhi | 19 November 1917- 31 October 1984 | 1983 -84 | Calcutta |
| Rajiv Gandhi | 20 August 1944- 21 May 1991 | 1985 -91 | Bombay |
| P. V. Narasimha Rao | 28 June 1921- 23 December 2004 | 1992 -96 | Tirupati |
| Sitaram Kesri | November 1919- 24 October 2000 | 1997 -98 | Kolkata |
| Sonia Gandhi | 9 December 1946- | 1998–present | Kolkata |
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